Apache模块 mod_autoindex

说明	自动对目录中的内容生成列表，类似于"ls"或"dir"命令
状态	基本(B)
模块名	autoindex_module
源文件	mod_autoindex.c

概述

目录的索引有两个来源：

一个用户自己编写的文件，通常是名为index.html的文件，该文件的名字由mod_dir模块提供的DirectoryIndex指令确定。
由服务器自动根据目录中的内容生成的列表。有一些指令可以用于控制这个列表的格式，比如：AddIcon, AddIconByEncoding, AddIconByType 用于设置各种文件类型所对应的图标。对于每个列出的文件，将显示第一个匹配该文件的图标。这些指令由mod_autoindex模块提供。

上述两种功能是相互独立的，所以你可以完全移除(或替换)自动索引功能。

Options +Indexes 可以用来开启自动索引功能。更多细节请参考Options指令。

如果在IndexOptions中给出了FancyIndexing选项，那么列标题头将会变成超链接，可以用来控制文件列表的显示顺序。如果你点击了标题头的超链接，那么文件列表的显示顺序将会按照该列的值进行重新排序。如果你再次点击同一个标题头的超链接，那么将会在正序和倒序之间进行切换。列标题头可以使用IndexOptions指令的SuppressColumnSorting选项关闭。

注意：如果根据文件大小(Size)进行排序，那么将使用该文件的实际大小，而不是显示值。举例来说，一个1010字节大小的文件，(在正序排列时)将永远排在另一个1011字节大小的文件之前，尽管它们的Size显示值都是"1K"。

自动索引的查询变量

Apache 2.0.23 之后的版本可以识别按列排序的查询变量，并引入了一组新的查询选项。为了禁止客户端对输出内容(包括文件列表顺序)的控制，引入了 IndexOptions IgnoreClient 选项。

The column sorting headers themselves are self-referencing hyperlinks that add the sort query options shown below. Any option below may be added to any request for the directory resource.

C=N sorts the directory by file name
C=M sorts the directory by last-modified date, then file name
C=S sorts the directory by size, then file name
C=D sorts the directory by description, then file name
O=A sorts the listing in Ascending Order
O=D sorts the listing in Descending Order
F=0 formats the listing as a simple list (not FancyIndexed)
F=1 formats the listing as a FancyIndexed list
F=2 formats the listing as an HTMLTable FancyIndexed list
V=0 disables version sorting
V=1 enables version sorting
P=pattern lists only files matching the given pattern

Note that the 'P'attern query argument is tested after the usual IndexIgnore directives are processed, and all file names are still subjected to the same criteria as any other autoindex listing. The Query Arguments parser in mod_autoindex will stop abruptly when an unrecognized option is encountered. The Query Arguments must be well formed, according to the table above.

The simple example below, which can be clipped and saved in a header.html file, illustrates these query options. Note that the unknown "X" argument, for the submit button, is listed last to assure the arguments are all parsed before mod_autoindex encounters the X=Go input.

<form action="" method="get"> Show me a <select name="F"> <option value="0"> Plain list</option> <option value="1" selected="selected"> Fancy list</option> <option value="2"> Table list</option> </select> Sorted by <select name="C"> <option value="N" selected="selected"> Name</option> <option value="M"> Date Modified</option> <option value="S"> Size</option> <option value="D"> Description</option> </select> <select name="O"> <option value="A" selected="selected"> Ascending</option> <option value="D"> Descending</option> </select> <select name="V"> <option value="0" selected="selected"> in Normal order</option> <option value="1"> in Version order</option> </select> Matching <input type="text" name="P" value="*" /> <input type="submit" name="X" value="Go" /> </form>

AddAlt 指令

说明	Alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon selected by filename
语法	`AddAlt string file [file] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

AddAlt provides the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing. File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card expression or full filename for files to describe. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ("或'). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

例子

AddAlt "PDF file" *.pdf AddAlt Compressed *.gz *.zip *.Z

AddAltByEncoding 指令

说明	Alternate text to display for a file instead of an icon selected by MIME-encoding
语法	`AddAltByEncoding string MIME-encoding [MIME-encoding] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

AddAltByEncoding provides the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing. MIME-encoding is a valid content-encoding, such as x-compress. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ("或'). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

示例

AddAltByEncoding gzip x-gzip

AddAltByType 指令

说明	Alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon selected by MIME content-type
语法	`AddAltByType string MIME-type [MIME-type] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

AddAltByType sets the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing. MIME-type is a valid content-type, such as text/html. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ("或'). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

示例

AddAltByType 'plain text' text/plain

AddDescription 指令

说明	Description to display for a file
语法	`AddDescription string file [file] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

This sets the description to display for a file, for FancyIndexing. File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card expression or full filename for files to describe. String is enclosed in double quotes (").

示例

AddDescription "The planet Mars" /web/pics/mars.gif

The typical, default description field is 23 bytes wide. 6 more bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressIcon option, 7 bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressSize option, and 19 bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressLastModified option. Therefore, the widest default the description column is ever assigned is 55 bytes.

See the DescriptionWidth IndexOptions keyword for details on overriding the size of this column, or allowing descriptions of unlimited length.

Caution

Descriptive text defined with AddDescription may contain HTML markup, such as tags and character entities. If the width of the description column should happen to truncate a tagged element (such as cutting off the end of a bolded phrase), the results may affect the rest of the directory listing.

AddIcon 指令

说明	Icon to display for a file selected by name
语法	`AddIcon icon name [name] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

This sets the icon to display next to a file ending in name for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext, url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

Name is either ^^DIRECTORY^^ for directories, ^^BLANKICON^^ for blank lines (to format the list correctly), a file extension, a wildcard expression, a partial filename or a complete filename.

例子

AddIcon (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) .gif .jpg .xbm AddIcon /icons/dir.xbm ^^DIRECTORY^^ AddIcon /icons/backup.xbm *~

AddIconByType should be used in preference to AddIcon, when possible.

AddIconByEncoding 指令

说明	Icon to display next to files selected by MIME content-encoding
语法	`AddIconByEncoding icon MIME-encoding [MIME-encoding] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

This sets the icon to display next to files with FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext, url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

MIME-encoding is a wildcard expression matching required the content-encoding.

示例

AddIconByEncoding /icons/compress.xbm x-compress

AddIconByType 指令

说明	Icon to display next to files selected by MIME content-type
语法	`AddIconByType icon MIME-type [MIME-type] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

This sets the icon to display next to files of type MIME-type for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext, url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

MIME-type is a wildcard expression matching required the mime types.

示例

AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) image/*

DefaultIcon 指令

说明	Icon to display for files when no specific icon is configured
语法	`DefaultIcon url-path`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

DefaultIcon directive sets the icon to display for files when no specific icon is known, for FancyIndexing. Url-path is a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon.

示例

DefaultIcon /icon/unknown.xbm

HeaderName 指令

说明	Name of the file that will be inserted at the top of the index listing
语法	`HeaderName filename`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

HeaderName directive sets the name of the file that will be inserted at the top of the index listing. Filename is the name of the file to include.

示例

HeaderName HEADER.html

Both HeaderName and ReadmeName now treat Filename as a URI path relative to the one used to access the directory being indexed. If Filename begins with a slash, it will be taken to be relative to the DocumentRoot.

示例

HeaderName /include/HEADER.html

Filename must resolve to a document with a major content type of text/* (例如，text/html, text/plain, etc.). This means that filename may refer to a CGI script if the script's actual file type (as opposed to its output) is marked as text/html such as with a directive like:

AddType text/html .cgi

Content negotiation will be performed if Options MultiViews is in effect. If filename resolves to a static text/html document (not a CGI script) and either one of the options Includes或IncludesNOEXEC is enabled, the file will be processed for server-side includes (see the mod_include documentation).

If the file specified by HeaderName contains the beginnings of an HTML document (<html>, <head>, etc.) then you will probably want to set IndexOptions +SuppressHTMLPreamble, so that these tags are not repeated.

IndexIgnore 指令

说明	Adds to the list of files to hide when listing a directory
语法	`IndexIgnore file [file] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

IndexIgnore directive adds to the list of files to hide when listing a directory. File is a shell-style wildcard expression or full filename. Multiple IndexIgnore directives add to the list, rather than the replacing the list of ignored files. By default, the list contains . (the current directory).

IndexIgnore README .htaccess *.bak *~

IndexOptions 指令

说明	Various configuration settings for directory indexing
语法	`IndexOptions [+\|-]option [[+\|-]option] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

IndexOptions directive specifies the behavior of the directory indexing. Option can be one of

DescriptionWidth=[n | *] (Apache 2.0.23 and later): The DescriptionWidth keyword allows you to specify the width of the description column in characters.; -DescriptionWidth (or unset) allows mod_autoindex to calculate the best width.; DescriptionWidth=n fixes the column width to n bytes wide.; DescriptionWidth=* grows the column to the width necessary to accommodate the longest description string.; See the section on AddDescription for dangers inherent in truncating descriptions.
FancyIndexing: This turns on fancy indexing of directories.
FoldersFirst (Apache 2.0.23 and later): If this option is enabled, subdirectory listings will always appear first, followed by normal files in the directory. The listing is basically broken into two components, the files and the subdirectories, and each is sorted separately and then displayed subdirectories-first. For instance, if the sort order is descending by name, and FoldersFirst is enabled, subdirectory Zed will be listed before subdirectory Beta, which will be listed before normal files Gamma和Alpha. This option only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.
HTMLTable (Experimental, Apache 2.0.23 and later): This experimental option with FancyIndexing constructs a simple table for the fancy directory listing. Note this will confuse older browsers. It is particularly necessary if file names or description text will alternate between left-to-right and right-to-left reading order, as can happen on WinNT or other utf-8 enabled platforms.
IconsAreLinks: This makes the icons part of the anchor for the filename, for fancy indexing.
IconHeight[=pixels]: Presence of this option, when used with IconWidth, will cause the server to include height和width attributes in the img tag for the file icon. This allows browser to precalculate the page layout without having to wait until all the images have been loaded. If no value is given for the option, it defaults to the standard height of the icons supplied with the Apache software.
IconWidth[=pixels]: Presence of this option, when used with IconHeight, will cause the server to include height和width attributes in the img tag for the file icon. This allows browser to precalculate the page layout without having to wait until all the images have been loaded. If no value is given for the option, it defaults to the standard width of the icons supplied with the Apache software.
IgnoreCase: If this option is enabled, names are sorted in a case-insensitive manner. For instance, if the sort order is ascending by name, and IgnoreCase is enabled, file Zeta will be listed after file alfa (Note: file GAMMA will always be listed before file gamma).
IgnoreClient: This option causes mod_autoindex to ignore all query variables from the client, including sort order (implies SuppressColumnSorting.)
NameWidth=[n | *]: The NameWidth keyword allows you to specify the width of the filename column in bytes.; -NameWidth (or unset) allows mod_autoindex to calculate the best width.; NameWidth=n fixes the column width to n bytes wide.; NameWidth=* grows the column to the necessary width.
ScanHTMLTitles: This enables the extraction of the title from HTML documents for fancy indexing. If the file does not have a description given by AddDescription then httpd will read the document for the value of the title element. This is CPU and disk intensive.
ShowForbidden: If specified, Apache will show files normally hidden because the subrequest returned HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED or HTTP_FORBIDDEN
SuppressColumnSorting: If specified, Apache will not make the column headings in a FancyIndexed directory listing into links for sorting. The default behavior is for them to be links; selecting the column heading will sort the directory listing by the values in that column. Prior to Apache 2.0.23, this also disabled parsing the Query Arguments for the sort string. That behavior is now controlled by IndexOptions IgnoreClient in Apache 2.0.23.
SuppressDescription: This will suppress the file description in fancy indexing listings. By default, no file descriptions are defined, and so the use of this option will regain 23 characters of screen space to use for something else. See AddDescription for information about setting the file description. See also the DescriptionWidth index option to limit the size of the description column.
SuppressHTMLPreamble: If the directory actually contains a file specified by the HeaderName directive, the module usually includes the contents of the file after a standard HTML preamble (<html>, <head>, et cetera). The SuppressHTMLPreamble option disables this behaviour, causing the module to start the display with the header file contents. The header file must contain appropriate HTML instructions in this case. If there is no header file, the preamble is generated as usual.
SuppressIcon (Apache 2.0.23 and later): This will suppress the icon in fancy indexing listings. Combining both SuppressIcon和SuppressRules yields proper HTML 3.2 output, which by the final specification prohibits img和hr elements from the pre block (used to format FancyIndexed listings.)
SuppressLastModified: This will suppress the display of the last modification date, in fancy indexing listings.
SuppressRules (Apache 2.0.23 and later): This will suppress the horizontal rule lines (hr elements) in directory listings. Combining both SuppressIcon和SuppressRules yields proper HTML 3.2 output, which by the final specification prohibits img和hr elements from the pre block (used to format FancyIndexed listings.)
SuppressSize: This will suppress the file size in fancy indexing listings.
TrackModified (Apache 2.0.23 and later): This returns the Last-Modified and ETag values for the listed directory in the HTTP header. It is only valid if the operating system and file system return appropriate stat() results. Some Unix systems do so, as do OS2's JFS and Win32's NTFS volumes. OS2 and Win32 FAT volumes, for example, do not. Once this feature is enabled, the client or proxy can track changes to the list of files when they perform a HEAD request. Note some operating systems correctly track new and removed files, but do not track changes for sizes or dates of the files within the directory. Changes to the size or date stamp of an existing file will not update the Last-Modified header on all Unix platforms. If this is a concern, leave this option disabled.
VersionSort (Apache 2.0a3 and later): The VersionSort keyword causes files containing version numbers to sort in a natural way. Strings are sorted as usual, except that substrings of digits in the name and description are compared according to their numeric value.
示例：
foo-1.7 foo-1.7.2 foo-1.7.12 foo-1.8.2 foo-1.8.2a foo-1.12

If the number starts with a zero, then it is considered to be a fraction:

foo-1.001 foo-1.002 foo-1.030 foo-1.04
XHTML (Apache 2.0.49 and later): The XHTML keyword forces mod_autoindex to emit XHTML 1.0 code instead of HTML 3.2.

Incremental IndexOptions

Apache 1.3.3 introduced some significant changes in the handling of IndexOptions directives. In particular:

Multiple IndexOptions directives for a single directory are now merged together. The result of:
<Directory /foo> IndexOptions HTMLTable IndexOptions SuppressColumnsorting </Directory>

will be the equivalent of

IndexOptions HTMLTable SuppressColumnsorting
The addition of the incremental syntax (i.e., prefixing keywords with +或-).

Whenever a '+' or '-' prefixed keyword is encountered, it is applied to the current IndexOptions settings (which may have been inherited from an upper-level directory). However, whenever an unprefixed keyword is processed, it clears all inherited options and any incremental settings encountered so far. Consider the following example:

IndexOptions +ScanHTMLTitles -IconsAreLinks FancyIndexing IndexOptions +SuppressSize

The net effect is equivalent to IndexOptions FancyIndexing +SuppressSize, because the unprefixed FancyIndexing discarded the incremental keywords before it, but allowed them to start accumulating again afterward.

To unconditionally set the IndexOptions for a particular directory, clearing the inherited settings, specify keywords without any +或- prefixes.

IndexOrderDefault 指令

说明	Sets the default ordering of the directory index
语法	`IndexOrderDefault Ascending\|Descending Name\|Date\|Size\|Description`
默认值	`IndexOrderDefault Ascending Name`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

IndexOrderDefault directive is used in combination with the FancyIndexing index option. By default, fancyindexed directory listings are displayed in ascending order by filename; the IndexOrderDefault allows you to change this initial display order.

IndexOrderDefault takes two arguments. The first must be either Ascending或Descending, indicating the direction of the sort. The second argument must be one of the keywords Name, Date, Size, or Description, and identifies the primary key. The secondary key is always the ascending filename.

You can force a directory listing to only be displayed in a particular order by combining this directive with the SuppressColumnSorting index option; this will prevent the client from requesting the directory listing in a different order.

IndexStyleSheet 指令

说明	Adds a CSS stylesheet to the directory index
语法	`IndexStyleSheet url-path`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

IndexStyleSheet directive sets the name of the file that will be used as the CSS for the index listing.

示例

IndexStyleSheet "/css/style.css"

ReadmeName 指令

说明	Name of the file that will be inserted at the end of the index listing
语法	`ReadmeName filename`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

ReadmeName directive sets the name of the file that will be appended to the end of the index listing. Filename is the name of the file to include, and is taken to be relative to the location being indexed. If Filename begins with a slash, it will be taken to be relative to the DocumentRoot.

示例

ReadmeName FOOTER.html

Example 2

ReadmeName /include/FOOTER.html

See also HeaderName, where this behavior is described in greater detail.

Apache模块 mod_autoindex

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Caution

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